ORIGINAL PAPER
Extraction of titanium from Ti-doped seaside magnetite concentrate in HCl media
1
Marmara University
Submission date: 2021-08-05
Final revision date: 2021-10-02
Acceptance date: 2021-10-26
Publication date: 2021-12-22
Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi – Mineral Resources Management 2021;37(4):79-96
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
Rational and efficient development and utilization of mineral resourcesPreparation and processing of mineral raw materialsRational use of mineral raw materials
ABSTRACT
The purpose of the present study was to extract high added value titanium from Ti-doped Seaside Magnetite Concentrated (Ti-SMC), which has a high potential reserve for Ti-Fe with 4–6% Ti, 50–52% Fe, 1–2% Al, and 1–2% Mg content by applying innovative, economical, environmentally friendly methods. Agitaion HCl leaching was applied to the Ti-SMC sample at different leaching temperatures (25–50–75–90°C), at acid concentrations (8–10–12 N), and leaching times (30–60–120–240 min) in atmospheric conditions. After the leaching experiments under the indicated conditions, the optimization of the leaching experiments was determined with Ti% recovery that dissoluted by elemental analysis, and the titanium recovery values reached the maximum value with increased leaching time at 50°C and 10 N HCl acid concentration; and 65% Ti was recovered in 30 minutes, 67% in 60 minutes, 74% in 120 minutes, and 82% Ti in 240 minutes. For Ti-SMC, leaching was carried out at 50°C leaching temperature and at 10 N acid concentration for 480 minutes, and a 92% Ti extraction value was achieved. According to the extraction results of all leaching experiments, the leaching temperature of 50°C, the acid concentration of 10 N, and the leaching time of 480 minutes were determined as the optimum conditions. In this study, it was emphasized that this resource is a potential reserve, which has not been used as a source before, with 92% Ti extraction with atmospheric acid leaching, which is an environmentally friendly method, consuming less energy than Ti-SMC, which is difficult and expensive to extract with traditional methods.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The funding of this study with Marmara University Bapko Project iD: FEN-K-170118-0009.
METADATA IN OTHER LANGUAGES:
Polish
Ekstrakcja tytanu z nadmorskiego koncentratu magnetytu domieszkowanego tytanem w środowisku HCl
nadmorski koncentrat magnetytu zawierający Ti, ługowanie w warunkach atmosferycznych HCl, ekstrakcja tytanu
Celem badań była ekstrakcja tytanu z nadmorskiego koncentratu magnetytu (Ti-SMC – Ti-doped Seaside Magnetite Concentrated), charakteryzującego się znacznym potencjałem rudy Ti-Fe zawierającej 4–6% Ti, 50–52% Fe, 1–2% Al oraz 1–2% Mg, dzięki zastosowaniu innowacyjnych, ekonomicznych i przyjaznych dla środowiska metod ługowania. Ługowanie kwasem solnym HCl z mieszaniem zastosowano do próbek Ti-SMC w różnych temperaturach ługowania (25–50–75–90°C), przy stężeniach kwasu (8–10–12 N) i czasach ługowania (30–60–120–240 min) w warunkach atmosferycznych. Następnie dokonano optymalizacji eksperymentów ługowania z odzyskiem Ti%. Maksymalne wartości odzysku tytanu wystąpiły przy zwiększonym czasie ługowania w temperaturze 50°C i stężeniu kwasu solnego HCl 10 N; 65% Ti odzyskano w ciągu 30 min, 67% – w 60 minut, 74% – w 120 minut, a 82% – w 240 minut. W przypadku Ti-SMC ługowanie prowadzono w temperaturze 50°C i przy stężeniu kwasu 10 N przez 480 minut i otrzymano wartość ekstrakcji 92% Ti. Zgodnie z wynikami ekstrakcji we wszystkich eksperymentach ługowania jako optymalne warunki określono: temperaturę ługowania 50°C, stężenie kwasu 10 N i czas ługowania 480 minut. W pracy podkreślono, że surowiec ten stanowi potencjalną rezerwą, wcześniej niewykorzystywaną. Ekstrakcja 92% Ti z ługowaniem kwasem solnym w warunkach atmosferycznych jest metodą przyjazną dla środowiska, zużywającą mniej energii niż Ti-SMC, która jest trudna i droga do ekstrakcji tradycyjnymi metodami.
REFERENCES (27)
1.
Barksdale, J. 1966. Titanium: its occurrence, chemistry, and technology. 2nd ed. Ronald Press.
2.
Binnemans, K. and Jones, P.T. 2017. Solvometallurgy: An Emerging Branch of Extractive Metallurgy. Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy 3, pp. 570–600. DOI: 10.1007/s40831-017-0128-2.
3.
Das et al. 2013 – Das, G.K., Pranolo, Y., Zhu, Z. and Cheng, C.Y. 2013. Leaching of ilmenite ores by acidic chloride solutions. Hydrometallurgy 133, pp. 94–99. DOI: 10.1016/j.hydromet.2012.12.006.
4.
El-Hazek et al. 2007 – El-Hazek, N., Lasheen, T.A., El-Sheikh, R. and Zaki, S.A. 2007. Hydrometallurgical criteria for TiO2 leaching from Rosetta ilmenite by hydrochloric acid. Hydrometallurgy 87, pp. 45–50. DOI: 10.1016/j.hydromet.2007.01.003.
5.
Hamor, L. 1986. Titanium dioxide manufacture, a world source of ilmenite, rutile, monazite and zircon. [In:] Titanium Dioxide Manufacture, a World Source of Ilmenite, Rutile, Monazite and Zircon. pp. 143–146.
6.
Hu et al. 2017 – Hu, T., Sun, T., Kou, J., Geng, C., Wang, X. and Chen, C. 2017. Recovering titanium and iron by co-reduction roasting of seaside titanomagnetite and blast furnace dust. International Journal of Mineral Processing 165, pp. 28–33. DOI: 10.1016/j.minpro.2017.06.003.
7.
Jabit, N.A. and Senanayake, G. 2018. Characterization and Leaching Kinetics of Ilmenite in Hydrochloric Acid solution for Titanium Dioxide Production. Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1082. DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/1082/1/012089.
8.
Jackson, J.S. and Wadsworth, M.E. 1976. A kinetic study of dissolution of Allard Lake ilmenite in hydrochloric acid. In Light Metals 1.
9.
Jena et al. 1995 – Jena, B.C., Dresler, W. and Reilly, I.G. 1995. Extraction of titanium, vanadium and iron from titanomagnetite deposits at pipestone lake, Manitoba, Canada. Minerals Engineering 8, pp. 159–168. DOI: 10.1016/0892-6875(94)00110-X.
10.
Kart, E.U. 2021. Evaluation of sulphation baking and autogenous leaching behaviour of Turkish metallurgical slag flotation tailings. Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing 57, pp. 107–116. DOI: 10.37190/ppmp/138839.
11.
Klojzy-Karczmarczyk, B. and Mazurek, J. 2021. The leaching of mercury from hard coal and extractive waste in the acidic medium. Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi – Mineral Resources Management 37(2), pp. 163–178. DOI: 10.24425/gsm.2021.137567.
12.
Liet al. 2008 – Li, C., Liang, B. and Wang, H.Y. 2008. Preparation of synthetic rutile by hydrochloric acid leaching of mechanically activated Panzhihua ilmenite. Hydrometallurgy 91, pp. 121–129. DOI: 10.1016/j.hydromet.2007.11.013.
13.
Luo et al. 2021 – Luo, Y., Che, X., Wang, H., Zheng, Q. and Wang, L. 2021. Selective extraction of vanadium from vanadium-titanium magnetite concentrates by non-salt roasting of pellets-H2SO4 leaching process. Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing 57, pp. 36–47. DOI: 10.37190/ppmp/138281.
14.
Mahmoud et al. 2004 – Mahmoud, M.H.H., Afifi, A.A.I. and Ibrahim, I.A. 2004. Reductive leaching of ilmenite ore in hydrochloric acid for preparation of synthetic rutile. Hydrometallurgy 73, pp. 99–109. DOI: 10.1016/j.hydromet.2003.08.001.
15.
Minkler, W.W. and Baroch, E.F. 1981. The production of titanium, zirconium and hafnium. Metallurgical treatises.
16.
Olanipekun, E. 1999. Kinetic study of the leaching of a Nigerian ilmenite ore by hydrochloric acid. Hydrometallurgy 53, pp. 1–10. DOI: 10.1016/S0304-386X(99)00028-6.
17.
Rötzer, N. and Schmidt, M. 2018. Decreasing metal ore grades-Is the fear of resource depletion justified? Resources 7. DOI: 10.3390/resources7040088.
18.
Sarker et al. 2006 – Sarker, M.K., Rashid, A.K.M.B. and Kurny, A.S.W. 2006. Kinetics of leaching of oxidized and reduced ilmenite in dilute hydrochloric acid solutions. International Journal of Mineral Processing 80, pp. 223–228. DOI: 10.1016/j.minpro.2006.04.005.
19.
Sasikumar et al. 2007 – Sasikumar, C., Rao, D.S., Srikanth, S., Mukhopadhyay, N.K. and Mehrotra, S.P. 2007. Dissolution studies of mechanically activated Manavalakurichi ilmenite with HCl and H2SO4. Hydrometallurgy 88, pp. 154–169. DOI: 10.1016/j.hydromet.2007.03.013.
20.
Spooren et al. 2020 – Spooren, J., Binnemans, K., Björkmalm, J., Breemersch, K., Dams, Y., Folens, K., González-Moya, M., Horckmans, L., Komnitsas, K., Kurylak, W., Lopez, M., Mäkinen, J., Onisei, S., Oorts, K., Peys, A., Pietek, G., Pontikes, Y., Snellings, R., Tripiana, M., Varia, J., Willquist, K., Yurramendi, L. and Kinnunen, P. 2020. Near-zero-waste processing of low-grade, complex primary ores and secondary raw materials in Europe: technology development trends. Resources, Conservation and Recycling 160, 104919. DOI: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2020.104919.
21.
Sun et al. 2015 – Sun, Y., Zheng, H., Dong, Y., Jiang, X., Shen, Y. and Shen, F. 2015. Melting and separation behavior of slag and metal phases in metallized pellets obtained from the direct-reduction process of vanadium-bearing titanomagnetite. International Journal of Mineral Processing 142, pp. 119–124. DOI: 10.1016/j.minpro.2015.04.002.
22.
Tsuchida et al. 1982 – Tsuchida, H., Narita, E., Takeuchi, H., Adachi, M. and Okabe, T. 1982. Manufacture of high pure titanium (IV) oxide by chloride process. I kinetic study on leaching ilmenite ore in concentrated hydrochloric acid solution. Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan 55, pp. 1934–1938.
23.
Uzun et al. 2016 – Uzun, E., Zengin, M. and Atỳlgan, Ý. 2016. Improvement of selective copper extraction from a heat-treated chalcopyrite concentrate with atmospheric sulphuric-acid leaching. Materiali in Tehnologije 50, pp. 395–401. DOI: 10.17222/mit.2015.091.
24.
Van Dyk et al. 2002 – Van Dyk, J.P., Vegter, N.M. and Pistorius, P.C. 2002. Kinetics of ilmenite dissolution in hydrochloric acid. Hydrometallurgy 65, pp. 31–36. DOI: 10.1016/S0304-386X(02)00063-4.
25.
Verhulst, D., Sabacky, B., Spitler, T. and Duyvesteyn, W. 2002. Tha Altair TiO2 pigment process and its extension into the field of nanomaterials. CIM Bulletin 95, pp. 89–94.
26.
Zhang et al. 2011 – Zhang, W., Zhu, Z. and Cheng, C.Y. 2011. A literature review of titanium metallurgical processes. Hydrometallurgy 108, pp. 177–188. DOI: 10.1016/j.hydromet.2011.04.005.
27.
Zhong et al. 2014 – Zhong, B., Xue, T., Zhao, L., Zhao, H., Qi, T. and Chen, W. 2014. Preparation of Ti-enriched slag from V-bearing titanomagnetite by two-stage hydrochloric acid leaching route. Separation and Purification Technology 137, pp. 59–65. DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2014.09.021.
| eISSN: | 2299-2324 |
| ISSN: | 0860-0953 |
We process personal data collected when visiting the website. The function of obtaining information about users and their behavior is carried out by voluntarily entered information in forms and saving cookies in end devices. Data, including cookies, are used to provide services, improve the user experience and to analyze the traffic in accordance with the Privacy policy. Data are also collected and processed by Google Analytics tool (more).
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.
