ORIGINAL PAPER
Forest fees paid to permit mining extractive operations on Turkey’s forestlands & the ratio to investments
1
Adana Alparslan Türkeş Science and Technology University
Submission date: 2020-01-03
Final revision date: 2020-04-16
Acceptance date: 2020-04-30
Publication date: 2020-09-29
Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi – Mineral Resources Management 2020;36(3):29-58
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
The fact that mines have to be established at the place where they are located without having a chance to choose a location brings out area usage conflicts with areas that need to be protected. In fact, forestlands are most common in these overlapping areas in Turkey. In order to perform mining activities in this overlapping forestlands, mining enterprises in Turkey receive forest land permit fees (FLPF), reforestation fees, rehabilitation fees + security deposit of conformity to the environment (SDCE), and other fees. In order to determine the share of these costs in mining investments and operating costs (OC) and to bring a solution proposal so that these costs do not pose a risk of loss of the investment in the mining enterprises, questions have been asked to mining enterprises within Turkey using the “Survey Monkey” program. The averages of all forest fees determined from the answers are proportioned to the mining investment amounts (MIA) and the annual average OC of each mining company responding to the Survey.
Thus, the distribution criteria of different forest fees that are required to be paid by the mining enterprises in order to carry out mining operations in the forestlands in Turkey and their distribution on the basis of mineral groups were analyzed. In this calculation, it was suggested that all the fees in Turkey should be reduced to a more reasonable degree by suggesting solutions regarding the calculation method envisaged by the FLPF, which has a very high share. Otherwise, the result of these rates shows that the costs of forest land-use for mining stipulated by the legislation in Turkey are quite high compared to other countries, and that the current mining investments can have difficulty in maintaining their economic operability in the presence of these required costs.
METADATA IN OTHER LANGUAGES:
Polish
Opłaty leśne ponoszone za zezwolenie na eksploatację górniczą na terenach leśnych Turcji i ich udział w inwestycjach górniczych
opodatkowanie lasów, podatki leśne, renta z zasobów naturalnych, podatek od zasobów naturalnych, koszt rekultywacji
Fakt, że kopalnie muszą być zakładane w miejscu, w którym się znajdują, bez możliwości wyboru lokalizacji, powoduje konflikty użytkowania obszaru z obszarami chronionymi. W rzeczywistości tereny leśne w Turcji występują najczęściej na obszarach eksploatacji górniczej. W celu prowadzenia działalności wydobywczej na tych obszarach leśnych przedsiębiorstwa górnicze w Turcji ponoszą opłaty za zezwolenie na użytkowanie gruntów leśnych (FLPF), opłaty za ponowne zalesianie, opłaty rewitalizacyjne + depozyt środków finansowych zabezpieczający zgodność ze środowiskiem (SDCE) i inne opłaty. Aby określić udział tych kosztów w inwestycjach górniczych i kosztach operacyjnych (OC) oraz przedstawić propozycję rozwiązania, aby koszty te nie stanowiły ryzyka utraty inwestycji w przedsiębiorstwach wydobywczych, zadawano pytania przedsiębiorstwom wydobywczym w Turcji za pomocą programu „Survey Monkey”. Średnie wartości wszystkich opłat leśnych ustalonych na podstawie odpowiedzi są proporcjonalne do kwot inwestycji górniczych (MIA) i średniej rocznej kosztów operacyjnych (OC) każdej firmy wydobywczej odpowiadającej na badanie.
W związku z tym przeanalizowano kryteria dystrybucji różnych opłat leśnych, które przedsiębiorstwa górnicze muszą uiścić w celu prowadzenia działalności wydobywczej na terenach leśnych w Turcji, a także przeanalizowano ich rozkład na podstawie grup wielkości płatności FLPF. W tych obliczeniach zasugerowano, że wszystkie opłaty w Turcji należy obniżyć w bardziej rozsądnym stopniu poprzez zastosowanie rozwiązań dotyczących metody obliczania przewidzianej przez FLPF, której udział jest znaczący. W przeciwnym razie wynik tych stawek pokazuje, że koszty użytkowania gruntów leśnych w górnictwie określone przez ustawodawstwo w Turcji są dość wysokie w porównaniu z innymi krajami oraz, że obecne inwestycje górnicze mogą mieć trudności z utrzymaniem ich efektywności ekonomicznej.
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