REVIEW PAPER
Hydrophobization of diatomaceous earth used to remove oil pollutants
1
AGH University of Science and Technology, Kraków, Poland
Submission date: 2022-12-20
Final revision date: 2023-04-24
Acceptance date: 2023-04-25
Publication date: 2023-06-12
Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi – Mineral Resources Management 2023;39(2):209-222
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Contamination of the natural environment with petroleum pollution is still a frequent and particularly dangerous phenomenon, thus there is a need to remove these pollutants. Various types of mineral sorbents (silicate minerals, zeolites, perlite, diatomite, clay rocks) are highly valued in remediation processes due to their affordable, big selectivity and high efficiency. However, many sorbents are not resistant to moisture, which limits their use. The hydrophobization process improves the effectiveness of sorbents used in a humid environment. The DAMSORB produced by IM-POL was hydrophobized with a methanolic stearic acid solution. The use of cheap stearic acid as a modifier is economically advantageous. The evaluation of the hydrophobic properties of the modified material was performed on the basis of the results obtained from the tests: water absorption, floating on the water surface and the contact angles were determined. Tests of the sorption of petroleum-derived compounds were performed on the basis of three procedures: in accordance with the technical sheet of the leading producer of hydrophobic sorption materials in Poland, the Westighouse’s method in the oil layer and the Westighouse’s method on a flat surface. The modified sorbent floats on the surface of the water very well. The average value of the contact angle for the modified sample is 104 degrees. Material is super hydrophobic. In the water environment, the hydrophobized samples have a higher absorption capacity in relation to oil contaminations compared to the raw material. Features of the modified sorbent, such as good buoyancy on the water surface, low affinity to water and better absorption of oil from the solution, make it possible to use the material to remove petroleum contamination from water and highly moist surfaces.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This work was performed under research subsidy No. 16.16.210.476.
METADATA IN OTHER LANGUAGES:
Polish
Hydrofobizacja ziemi okrzemkowej używanej do usuwania zanieczyszczeń ropopochodnych
hydrofobizacja, ziemia okrzemkowa, zanieczyszczenia olejowe
Skażenie środowiska naturalnego zanieczyszczeniami ropopochodnymi jest nadal częstym i szczególnie niebezpiecznym zjawiskiem, dlatego usuwanie tych zanieczyszczeń jest konieczne. Różnego rodzaju sorbenty mineralne (minerały krzemianowe, zeolity, perlit, ziemia okrzemkowa, skały ilaste) ze względu na przystępną cenę, dużą selektywność i wysoką wydajność są wysoko cenione w procesach remediacji. Jednak wiele z tych sorbentów nie jest odpornych na wilgoć, co ogranicza ich zastosowanie. Proces hydrofobizacji poprawia efektywność sorbentów stosowanych w wilgotnym środowisku. DAMSORB produkowany przez IM-POL zhydrofobizowano metanolowym roztworem kwasu stearynowego. Użycie taniego kwasu stearynowego jako modyfikatora jest korzystne ekonomicznie. Ocenę właściwości hydrofobowych modyfikowanego materiału przeprowadzono na podstawie wyników uzyskanych z badań: nasiąkliwości, unoszenia się na powierzchni wody oraz wyznaczono kąty zwilżania. Badania sorpcji związków ropopochodnych przeprowadzono w oparciu o trzy procedury: zgodnie z kartą techniczną wiodącego producenta hydrofobowych materiałów sorpcyjnych w Polsce, metodą Westighouse’a w warstwie olejowej oraz na powierzchni płaskiej. Modyfikowany sorbent bardzo dobrze unosi się na powierzchni wody. Średnia wartość kąta zwilżania dla zmodyfikowanej próbki wynosi 104 stopnie. Materiał jest superhydrofobowy. W środowisku wodnym próbki hydrofobizowane mają większą chłonność w stosunku do zanieczyszczeń olejowych w porównaniu z surowcem. Cechy modyfikowanego sorbentu, takie jak: dobra wyporność na powierzchni wody, niskie powinowactwo do wody oraz lepsza absorpcja oleju z roztworu pozwalają na zastosowanie materiału do usuwania zanieczyszczeń ropopochodnych z wody i powierzchni silnie zawilgoconych.
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