REVIEW PAPER
Will the resource potential of critical raw materials used in electric cars in Turkey be sufficient for the domestic automobile factory? – A review
1
Adana Alparslan Türkeş Science And Technology University, Department of Mining Engineering
Submission date: 2024-04-16
Final revision date: 2024-08-06
Acceptance date: 2024-12-17
Online publication date: 2024-12-20
Corresponding author
Taşkın Deniz Yıldız
Adana Alparslan Türkeş Science And Technology University, Department of Mining Engineering
Adana Alparslan Türkeş Science And Technology University, Department of Mining Engineering
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
Research on mineral raw materials marketsOptimization of resources and reserves managementMineral policyStrategy and methodology of mineral prospecting and explorationEconomics of mineral industriesRational use of mineral raw materials
ABSTRACT
Considering the security problem experienced in the world in the supply of critical raw materials within the scope of energy transformation, it would be extremely strategic for countries to operate electric car (EV) factories from their domestic resources. A factory was opened in Bursa on 29/10/2022 for the production of “TOGG”, an electrically powered domestic automobile in Turkey, established by “Turkey’s Automobile Initiative Group” (TOGG). It is curious whether this electric car factory can meet the raw materials it needs in the presence of raw material supply risks worldwide. At this point, it can be considered that the supply from domestic sources gives a raw material supply assurance compared to the foreign supply. In this study, the supply risks of the minerals used in producing electric cars in Turkey were determined, and suggestions were presented to policymakers in this regard. Many metals and minerals are used in EV production. In this study, only lithium, nickel, cobalt, manganese, graphite, and REEs, declared critical in the EU critical raw materials list, have been analyzed in Turkey, considering their potential in the world. In the analysis, without examining the market of the mentioned minerals, the safety of the raw material supply of the TOGG electric car production factory, which is the only one in Turkey with the potential to supply the world, is discussed from domestic sources in Turkey. Considering the TOGG factory operating life and the capacity of the Li-battery factory, an evaluation was made on how many EVs the current apparent reserve potential of the raw materials in question would be enough to produce in total.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Author Dr. Taşkın Deniz Yıldız would like to thank Mr. Sait Uysal for his important contributions to the article. (Mr. Uysal is a competent person registered with UMREK and JORC, and he works as General Manager of Spil Mining Ltd, Manisa, Turkey).
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The Author have no conflicts of interest to declare.
METADATA IN OTHER LANGUAGES:
Polish
minerały krytyczne, samochód elektryczny, pierwiastki ziem rzadkich, ryzyko dostaw, bezpieczeństwo dostaw
Biorąc pod uwagę występujący na świecie problem bezpieczeństwa w zakresie dostaw surowców krytycznych w zakresie transformacji energetycznej, niezwykle strategiczne dla krajów byłoby prowadzenie fabryk samochodów elektrycznych (EV) z własnych zasobów. 29.10.2022 r. w Bursie otwarto fabrykę produkującą w Turcji „TOGG”, samochód domowy zasilany elektrycznie, założoną przez „Turkey’s Automobile Initiative Group” (TOGG). Zastanawiające, czy ta fabryka samochodów elektrycznych będzie w stanie zaspokoić zapotrzebowanie na surowce w obliczu zagrożeń związanych z dostawami surowców na całym świecie. W tym miejscu można uznać, że zaopatrzenie ze źródeł krajowych daje pewność dostaw surowca w porównaniu z podażą zagraniczną. W badaniu określono ryzyko związane z dostawami minerałów wykorzystywanych do produkcji samochodów elektrycznych w Turcji i przedstawiono decydentom sugestie w tym zakresie. Do produkcji pojazdów elektrycznych wykorzystuje się wiele metali i minerałów. W niniejszym badaniu przeanalizowano jedynie lit, nikiel, kobalt, mangan, grafit i REE, uznane za krytyczne na unijnej liście surowców krytycznych, pod kątem ich potencjału na świecie. W analizie, bez badania rynku wymienionych minerałów, omówiono bezpieczeństwo dostaw surowca do fabryki samochodów elektrycznych TOGG, która jako jedyna w Turcji ma potencjał zaopatrywania świata, ze źródeł krajowych w Turcji. Biorąc pod uwagę żywotność fabryki TOGG i wydajność fabryki akumulatorów Li, oszacowano, ile pojazdów elektrycznych można w sumie wyprodukować przy obecnym pozornym potencjale rezerw omawianych surowców.
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