ORIGINAL PAPER
Energy transition versus energy poverty in post-mining regions. Case Study Poland, Greece, and Bulgaria
 
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Mineral and Energy Economy Research Institute PAS, Kraków
 
 
Submission date: 2024-01-12
 
 
Final revision date: 2024-06-26
 
 
Acceptance date: 2024-07-01
 
 
Publication date: 2024-09-11
 
 
Corresponding author
Olga Julita Janikowska   

Mineral and Energy Economy Research Institute PAS, Kraków
 
 
Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi – Mineral Resources Management 2024;40(3):185-206
 
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
The European Union’s primary goal is to attain climate neutrality by 2050, aiming for an economy with zero net greenhouse gas emissions. This objective is a core element of the European Green Deal and aligns seamlessly with the EU’s commitment to global climate action as articulated in the Paris Agreement. It is crucial to emphasize that the transition to sustainable energy carries significant risks for households experiencing energy poverty, particularly impacting underdeveloped regions and vulnerable social groups. Acknowledging this context is imperative to prevent further marginalization of the energy poor during a just transition. Effectively addressing energy poverty requires a combination of strategies and collaborative efforts at local, national, and global levels. The focus should be on renewable energy sources and decentralized solutions, such as home solar systems and mini-grids, providing a means to electrify remote and isolated areas without the need for extensive grid infrastructure. The central thesis of this paper posits that the energy transition may exacerbate the issue of energy poverty, particularly in post-mining regions. The study delves into various energy transition models, specifically examining Poland, Greece, and Bulgaria. To identify potentially vulnerable populations in these countries, the paper analyses data related to individuals at risk of poverty or social exclusion, as well as the long-term unemployment rate categorized by gender. Research indicates that potentially vulnerable customers are most likely to be identified in Bulgaria, where 32.1% of the population was at risk of poverty or social exclusion in 2020, and the long-term unemployment rate was 2.3% in the same year. In Greece, 28.8% of the population faced the risk of poverty or social exclusion in 2020, with a long-term unemployment rate of 10.9%. The situation in Poland is relatively better, with 17.3% of the population at risk of poverty or social exclusion in 2020 and a long-term unemployment rate of 0.6%.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This work was carried out as part of the statutory activity of the Mineral and Energy Economy Research Institute of the Polish Academy of Sciences and Sitrans Life Project.
METADATA IN OTHER LANGUAGES:
Polish
Transformacja energetyczna a ubóstwo energetyczne w regionach pogórniczych. Studium przypadku Polski, Grecji i Bułgarii
transformacja energetyczna, ubóstwo energetyczne, wskaźniki ubóstwa energetycznego, regiony pogórnicze
Głównym celem Unii Europejskiej jest osiągnięcie neutralności klimatycznej do 2050 r., co oznacza dążenie do gospodarki o zerowej emisji gazów cieplarnianych netto. Cel ten jest kluczowym elementem Europejskiego Zielonego Ładu i doskonale wpisuje się w zaangażowanie UE w globalne działania na rzecz klimatu, wyrażone w porozumieniu paryskim. Należy podkreślić, że przejście na zrównoważoną energię niesie ze sobą znaczne ryzyko dla gospodarstw domowych doświadczających ubóstwa energetycznego, szczególnie w regionach słabo rozwiniętych i wrażliwych grupach społecznych. Uznanie tego kontekstu jest niezbędne, aby zapobiec dalszej marginalizacji ubogich energetycznie podczas sprawiedliwej transformacji. Skuteczne przeciwdziałanie ubóstwu energetycznemu wymaga połączenia strategii i wspólnych wysiłków na poziomie lokalnym, krajowym i globalnym. Należy skupić się na odnawialnych źródłach energii i zdecentralizowanych rozwiązaniach, takich jak domowe systemy solarne i minisieci, zapewniając środki do elektryfikacji odległych i odizolowanych obszarów bez potrzeby rozbudowanej infrastruktury sieciowej. Teza artykułu zakłada, że transformacja energetyczna może wpłynąć na wzrost ubóstwa energetycznego w regionach pogórniczych. Badania przeprowadzone w artykule koncentrują się na różnych modelach transformacji energetycznej ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem Polski, Grecji i Bułgarii. W celu identyfikacji potencjalnych odbiorców wrażliwych w artykule przeanalizowano dane dotyczące osób zagrożonych ubóstwem lub wykluczeniem społecznym, a także stopę długotrwałego bezrobocia w analizowanych krajach. Badania wskazują, że potencjalni odbiorcy wrażliwi są najczęściej identyfikowani w Bułgarii, gdzie w 2020 roku 32,1% ludności było zagrożonych ubóstwem lub wykluczeniem społecznym, a długotrwała stopa bezrobocia wynosiła 2,3% w tym samym roku. W Grecji w 2020 roku 28,8% ludności było zagrożonych ubóstwem lub wykluczeniem społecznym, a długotrwała stopa bezrobocia wynosiła 10,9%. Sytuacja w Polsce jest stosunkowo lepsza – w 2020 roku 17,3% ludności było zagrożonych ubóstwem lub wykluczeniem społecznym, a długotrwała stopa bezrobocia wynosiła 0,6%.
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