REVIEW PAPER
Fossil fuels in the energy transition – the case of Romania
 
 
More details
Hide details
1
Jagiellonian University in Kraków
 
 
Submission date: 2023-05-18
 
 
Final revision date: 2023-06-09
 
 
Acceptance date: 2023-09-25
 
 
Publication date: 2023-12-13
 
 
Corresponding author
Wiktor Hebda   

Jagiellonian University in Kraków
 
 
Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi – Mineral Resources Management 2023;39(4):85-106
 
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Nowadays, one of the biggest challenges faced by EU countries is the pursuit of zero-emission economies. Certainly, it is crucial to determine the role of fossil fuels in the energy transformation. In light of the European Green Deal, EU countries should cease the consumption of hydrocarbons, i.e. coal, crude oil and natural gas, by 2050. Nevertheless, there are significant differences regarding the possibility of decarbonizing the energy sectors of the different EU Member States. For many years, Romania has been successively implementing an energy transformation, the main goal of which is the significant reduction of fossil fuels in the energy mix. Just a few years ago, one of the most important energy resources was coal, which is to be eliminated within the next decade. However, a much greater challenge is the reduction and subsequent abandonment of natural gas and crude oil. The key task facing Romania is to ensure energy security, which is why decarbonization will be strongly coupled with the country’s economic and political capabilities. The exclusion of fossil fuels in power engineering means that there is a need to develop alternative generation capacities, in particular in nuclear, wind and solar energy. This article presents the current condition of the energy sector in Romania, with a particular emphasis on the role of fossil fuels in its transformation. An analysis of documents and field research shows that there will be a dynamic decarbonization in the coming years, which will result in a significant reduction in the consumption of fossil fuels. The priority of Romania’s energy policy is to achieve a zero-emission economy, but ensuring stability and security in the energy sector will be of key importance in this process.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This publication has been funded from the Anthropocene Priority Research Area budget under the program “Excellence Initiative – Research University” at the Jagiellonian University. The publication was co-funded under the program “Excellence Initiative – Research University” at the Jagiellonian University in Kraków.
METADATA IN OTHER LANGUAGES:
Polish
Paliwa kopalne w transformacji energetycznej – przypadek Rumunii
paliwa kopalne, transformacja energetyczna, dekarbonizacja, Rumunia
W obecnych czasach jednym z większych wyzwań, przed jakimi stoją państwa Unii Europejskiej, jest dążenie do zeroemisyjności gospodarek. Z pewnością w tym zakresie kluczowe pozostaje określenie roli paliw kopalnych w transformacji energetycznej. W świetle europejskiego zielonego ładu państwa UE do 2050 r. powinny zrezygnować z konsumpcji węglowodorów, tj. węgiela, ropy naftowej czy gazu ziemnego. Niemniej zauważalne są duże dysproporcje co do możliwości dekarbonizacji sektora energetycznego poszczególnych państw członkowskich UE. Rumunia od wielu lat sukcesywnie dokonuje transformacji energetycznej, której zasadniczym celem jest wydatna redukcja paliw kopalnych w miksie energetycznym. Jeszcze kilka lat temu jednym z ważniejszych surowców energetycznych był węgiel, który w perspektywie najbliższej dekady zostanie całkowicie wyeliminowany. Natomiast zdecydowanie większym wyzwaniem będzie redukcja, a następnie rezygnacja z gazu ziemnego oraz ropy naftowej. Kluczowym zadaniem, przed jakim stoi Rumunia, jest zapewnienie bezpieczeństwa energetycznego, dlatego też dekarbonizacja będzie silnie sprzężona z możliwościami gospodarczo-politycznymi państwa. Wykluczenie paliw kopalnych w elektroenergetyce wiąże się z koniecznością rozwoju alternatywnych mocy wytwórczych, w szczególności w energetyce jądrowej, wiatrowej oraz solarnej. W artykule zaprezentowano obecną kondycje sektora energetycznego Rumuni ze szczególnym naciskiem na miejsce paliw kopalnych w jej transformacji. Analiza wskazuje, że w okresie najbliższych lat dokona się dynamiczna dekarbonizacja, której efektem będzie znaczna redukcja konsumpcji paliw kopalnych. Priorytetem polityki energetycznej Rumunii jest osiągnięcie zeroemisyjnej gospodarki, niemniej kluczowe w tym procesie będzie zapewnienie stabilności i bezpieczeństwa w sektorze elektroenergetycznym.
 
REFERENCES (50)
1.
ANRE 2021. Report on the results of monitoring the natural gas market in December 2021 (Raport privind rezultatele monitorizării pieței de gaze naturale în luna decembrie 2021). București: Autoritatea Națională de Reglementare în domeniul Energiei (in Romanian).
 
2.
Antal, C. and Rosca, M. 2008. Current Status of Geothermal Development in Romania. Reykjavik: United Nations University. Geothermal Training Programme, 8 pp. [Online:] https://orkustofnun.is/gogn/un... [Accessed: 2023-05-01].
 
3.
Bălășoiu, F. 2023. România, cel mai mare furnizor de combustibil pentru Ucraina. Aproape un milion de tone livrate în 2022. [Online:] https://stirileprotv.ro/stiri/... [Accessed: 2023-05-01].
 
4.
BGEN 2022. Romania sells decommissioned Mintia coal power plant. Balkan Green Energy News. [Online:] https://balkangreenenergynews.... [Accessed: 2023-05-01].
 
5.
BP 2022. BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2022. London: British Petroleum, 58 pp. [Online:] https://www.bp.com/content/dam... [Accessed: 2023-05-01].
 
6.
Branoiu et al. 2016 – Branoiu, G.A., Frunzescu, D. and Stoicescu M. 2016. Application of advanced mineralogical techniques to reservoir rocks characterization for an oilfield in South-East Romania. Sofia: 16th International Multidisciplinary Scientific Geoconference SGEM 2016, Science and Technologies in Geology, Exploration and Mining Conference Proceedings, Oil and Gas Exploration, pp. 33–40.
 
7.
Chirila, N. 2013. Renewable Energy in Romania. București: Flanders Investment & Trade, 56 pp.
 
8.
Ćorović et al. 2022 – Ćorović, N., Gvozdenac Urošević, B. and Katić, N. 2022. Decarbonization: Challenges for the electricity market development – Serbian market case. Energy Reports 8, pp. 2200–2209, DOI: 10.1016/j.egyr.2022.01.054.
 
9.
Cirstea et al. 2018 – Cirstea, S.D., Martiş, C.S., Cirstea, A., Constantinescu-Dobra, A. and Fülöp, M.T. 2018. Current Situation and Future Perspectives of the Romanian Renewable Energy. Energies 11(12), pp. 1–22, DOI: 10.3390/en11123289.
 
10.
DPNGTS 2022 – Development plan for the National Gas Transmission System 2022–2031. SNTGN Transgaz SA Medias, 112 pp.
 
11.
Dragomir et al. 2016 – Dragomir, G., Șerban, A., Năstase, G. and Brezeanu. A.I. 2018. Wind energy in Romania: A review from 2009 to 2016. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 64, pp. 129–143, DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2016.05.080.
 
12.
EBRD 2018 – Podișor Pipeline: Execution of the gas transmission pipeline Black Sea Coast – Podișor. European Bank for Reconstruction and Development. [Online:] https://www.ebrd.com/work-with... [Accessed: 2023-05-01].
 
13.
Fay et al. 2015 – Fay, M., Hallegatte, S., Vogt-Schilb, A., Rozenberg, J., Narloch, U. and Kerr, T. 2015. Decarbonizing Development. Three Steps to a Zero-Carbon Future, Washington: World Bank Group, 164 pp.
 
14.
Frilingou et al. 2023 – Frilingou, N., Xexakis, G., Koasidis, K., Nikas, A., Campagnolo, L., Delpiazzo, E., Chiodi, A., Gargiulo, M., McWilliams, B., Koutsellis, T. and Doukas, H. 2023. Navigating through an energy crisis: Challenges and progress towards electricity decarbonisation, reliability, and affordability in Italy. Energy Research & Social Science 96, pp. 820–846, DOI: 10.1016/j.erss.2022.102934.
 
15.
Gheorghe, G. 2017. KMG International plans to transform Midia Marine Terminal in major Black Sea energy hub. Business Review. [Online:] https://business-review.eu/new... [Accessed: 2023-05-01].
 
16.
Guşilov, E. 2014. Romania’s Natural Gas Infrastructure, Bucharest: Romania Energy Center, 8 pp.
 
17.
Guşilov, E. 2018. Tracking Romania’s cross-border gas cooperation, Bucharest: Romania Energy Center, 10 pp.
 
18.
Hebda, W. 2019. Politics and energy sector in the selected countries of Southeast Europe (Serbia, Croatia, Bulgaria, Greece, Romania) (Polityka oraz sektor energetyczny w wybranych państwach Europy Południowo – Wschodniej (Serbia, Chorwacja, Bułgaria, Grecja, Rumunia), Kraków: Księgarnia Akademicka, 202 pp. (in Polish).
 
19.
Hebda, W. 2021. Decarbonization of the energy sector in Greece – is Greek coal mining over? Polityka Energetyczna – Energy Policy Journal 24(1), pp. 49-66, DOI: 10.33223/epj/133420.
 
20.
Hebda, W. 2022. Energy Policy of Poland until 2040. The Challenges and Threats to Energy Security in the Next Two Decades. Politeja 19, 4(79), pp. 167–186, DOI: 10.12797/Politeja.19.2022.79.10.
 
21.
Iancu, J. 2018. Biomass energy in Romania and the new target of 32%. Energy Industry Review. [Online:] https://energyindustryreview.c... [Accessed: 2023-05-01].
 
22.
IREA 2020. Global renewables outlook: energy transformation 2050, Abu Dhabi: International Renewable Energy Agency, 54 pp.
 
23.
KOBiZE 2019. Calorific values and CO2 ratios in 2016 for reporting under the Emissions Trading Scheme for 2019 (Wartości opałowe (WO) i wskaźniki CO2 (WE) w roku 2016 do raportowania w ramach Systemu Handlu Uprawnieniami do Emisji za rok 2019). Krajowy Ośrodek Bilansowania i Zarządzania Emisjami. [Online] https://www.kobize.pl/uploads/... [Accessed: 2023-05-01] (in Polish).
 
24.
Koltsaklis et al. 2020 – Koltsaklis, N.E., Dagoumas, A.S., Seritan, G. and Porumb, R. 2020. Energy transition in the South East Europe: The case of the Romanian power system. Energy Reports 6, pp. 2376-2393, DOI: 10.1016/j.egyr.2020.07.032.
 
25.
Malec, M. 2022. The prospects for decarbonisation in the context of reported resources and energy policy goals: The case of Poland. Energy Policy 161, DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2021.112763.
 
26.
Maruf, M.N.I. 2021. Open model-based analysis of a 100% renewable and sector-coupled energy system–The case of Germany in 2050. Applied Energy 288, DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.116618.
 
27.
ME 2022. Romania’s Energy Strategy 2022–2030, with the perspective of 2050 (Strategia Energetică a României 2022–2030, cu perspectiva anului 2050). București: Ministerul Energiei, 72 pp. (in Romanian).
 
28.
Mindeková et al. 2022 – Mindeková, T., Bart, I., Csernus, D., Kassenberg, A., Gavalcová, A. and Oravcová, V. 2022. Decarbonisation and Just Transition in the V4: Experiences of the Visegrad countries. Staré Město: EUROPEUM Institute for European Policy, 37 pp.
 
29.
MOR 2021. Decision no. 1.076 of October 4, 2021 for the approval of the National Integrated Plan in the field of energy and climate change 2021–2030 (Hotărâre nr. 1.076 din 4 octombrie 2021 pentru aprobarea Planului național integrat în domeniul energiei și schimbărilor climatice 2021–2030). Monitorul Oficial al României nr. 963, 8.10.2021. (in Romanian).
 
30.
MOR 2022. Decision no. 1.573 of December 28, 2022 regarding the approval of the postponement of the closure of some energy capacities operating on lignite and their related mining operations (Hotărâre nr. 1.573 din 28 decembrie 2022 privind aprobarea amânării închiderii unor capacități energetice cu funcționare pe lignit și a exploatărilor miniere aferente acestora). Monitorul Oficial al României nr 1272, 29.12.2022 (in Romanian).
 
31.
MOR 2022a. Substantiation Note – OUG nr.108/30.06.2022 (Nota de Fundamentare – OUG nr.108/30.06.2022). Guvernul României, Monitorul Oficial al României nr 659, 01.07.2022 (in Romanian).
 
32.
MSCP 2022. The World Nuclear Industry Status Report 2022. Paris: A Mycle Schneider Consulting Project, pp. 351–352.
 
33.
Năstase et al. 2017 – Năstase, G., Şerban, A., Năstase, A.F., Dragomir, G., Brezeanu, A.I. and Iordan, N.F. 2017. Hydropower development in Romania. A review from its beginnings to the present. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 80, pp. 297–312, DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2017.05.209.
 
34.
Nocoń, A. 2022. Towards climate neutrality in mining and energy companies in Poland – an approach to their financing. Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi – Mineral Resources Management 38(4), pp. 69–89, DOI: 10.24425/gsm.2022.143631.
 
35.
NuScale 2023. NuScale Power and RoPower Announce Signing of the Contract for Phase 1 of Front-End Engineering and Design Work for First SMS Power Plant in Romania. NuScale Power. [Online:] https://www.nuscalepower.com/e... [Accessed: 2023-05-01].
 
36.
OMV 2017. Neptun Deep Exploration. OMV Petrom. [Online] https://www.omvpetrom.com/en/o... [Accessed: 2023-05-01].
 
37.
Pachiu, L. and Mustaciosu, R. 2020. Oil and gas regulation in Romania: overview. Thomson Reuters Practical Law. [Online] https://uk.practicallaw.thomso... [Accessed: 2023-05-01].
 
38.
Papatulica, M. 2014. Arguments pro and against shale gas exploitation worldwide and in Romania. Procedia Economics and Finance 8, pp. 529–534, DOI: 10.1016/S2212-5671(14)00124-5.
 
39.
Pene et al. 2006 – Pene, C., Niculescu, B. and Coltoi, O. 2006. Geological conditions of the oil and gas generation, migration and accumulation in the Moesian Platform (Romania). SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts, pp. 661–665.
 
40.
RERA 2021 – Electricity market monitoring report – December 2021. Bucharest: Romanian Energy Regulatory Authority, 25 pp.
 
41.
Roberts, J.M. 2018. The Significance of BRUA. [In:] Three Pipelines and Three Seas: BRUA, TAP, the IAP and Gasification in Southeast Europe. Atlantic Council, pp. 7–11.
 
42.
Rusu et al. 2021 – Rusu, E., Onea, F. and Yildirir V. 2021. Wind condition analysis and partial repowering concept for Fantanele-Cogealac Onshore Project. Albena: 21st International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM 2021, pp. 127–136.
 
43.
Siddi, M. 2022. Assessing the European Union’s REPowerEU plan: Energy transition meets geopolitics. Finish Institute of International Affairs Working Paper 130, pp. 4–12.
 
44.
Ștefănescu, M. 2022. The European ecological pact: opportunities and challenges for the sustainable development of Romania (Pactul ecologic european: oportunități și provocări pentru dezvoltarea sustenabilă a României). Bucureşti: Institutul European din România, 117 pp. (in Romanian).
 
45.
StepMap 2012 – Gas Storage in Romania. StepMap. [Online:] https://www.stepmap.com/map/ga... [Accessed: 2023-05-01].
 
46.
Szabó et al. 2017 – Szabó, L., Mezősi, A., Pató, Z., Kelemen, A., Resch, G., Liebmann, L. and Kácsor, E. 2017. Romania Country report South East Europe Electricity Roadmap, 52 pp.
 
47.
Tomescu et al. 2022 – Tomescu, C., Cioclea, D., Boanta, C. and Morar, M. 2022. Restructuring of coal mining in Romania between the climate crisis and the energy transition. MATEC Web of Conferences 354, 10 pp.
 
48.
Vashakmadze 2009. The White Stream gas transportation project – a project to deliver Caspian gas to the EU. Amsterdam: Energy Charter Secretariat Group on Trade and Transit, 25 pp.
 
49.
Yue et al. 2020 – Yue, X., Patankar, N., Decarolis, J., Chiodi, A., Rogan, F., Deane, J.P. and O’Gallachoir, B. 2020. Least cost energy system pathways towards 100% renewable energy in Ireland by 2050. Energy 207, 17 pp., DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2020.118264.
 
50.
Zachmann et al. 2021 – Zachmann, G., Holz, F., Roth, A., McWilliams, B., Sogalla R., Meissner, F. and Kemfert, C. 2021. Decarbonisation of Energy. Determining a robust mix of energy carriers for a carbon-neutral EU. Bruegel: Policy Department for Economic, Scientific and Quality of Life Policies, 128 pp.
 
eISSN:2299-2324
ISSN:0860-0953
Journals System - logo
Scroll to top