ORIGINAL PAPER
The application of Knothe’s theory for the planning of mining exploitation under the threat of discontinuous deformation of the surface and for the prediction of ground surface movements with rising water levels in the post-mining phase
1
Strata Mechanics Research Institute, Polish Academy of Science, Krakow, Poland
2
RAG Aktiengesellschaft, Im Welterbe 10, 45141 Essen, Germany
Submission date: 2021-06-30
Acceptance date: 2021-08-02
Publication date: 2021-12-22
Corresponding author
Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi – Mineral Resources Management 2021;37(4):199-218
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
The article presents three German-located case studies based on stochastic methods founded by the theory proposed by Knothe and the development of the ‘Ruhrkohle method’ according to Ehrhardt and Sauer. These solutions are successfully applied to predict mining-induced ground movements. The possibility of forecasting both vertical and horizontal ground movements has been presented in the manuscript, which allowed for optimization mining projects in terms of predicted ground movements.
The first example presents the extraction of the Mausegatt seam beneath the district of Moers-Kapellen in the Niederberg mine. Considering, among others, the adaption of the dynamic impact of the underground operations to the mining-induced sensitivity of surface objects, the maximum permissible rate of the face advance has been determined.
The second example presents the extraction of coal panel 479 in the Johann seam located directly in the fissure zone of Recklinghausen-North. Also, in this case, the protection of motorway bridge structure (BAB A43/L225) to mining influences has been presented. The Ruhrkohle method was used as a basis for the mathematical model that was developed to calculate the maximum horizontal opening of the fissure zone and the maximum gap development rate.
Part of the article is dedicated to ground uplift due to rising mine water levels. Although it is not the main factor causing mining-related damage, such movements in the rock masses should also be predicted. As the example of the Königsborn mine, liquidated by flooding, shows stochastic processes are well suited for predicting ground uplift. The only condition is the introduction of minor adjustments in the model and the use of appropriate parameters.
METADATA IN OTHER LANGUAGES:
Polish
Wykorzystanie teorii Knothego do planowania eksploatacji górniczej w warunkach zagrożenia powierzchni deformacjami nieciągłymi oraz do prognozy ruchów powierzchni terenu przy wzroście poziomu wód kopalnianych w fazie poeksploatacyjnej
górnictwo węglowe, zatapianie kopalni, wypiętrzenie powierzchni terenu, przemieszczenia powierzchni terenu, problemy pogórnicze
Artykuł przedstawia trzy studia przypadków zlokalizowane w Niemczech, oparte na metodach stochastycznych, których podstawą jest teoria zaproponowana przez Knothego oraz rozwój „metody Ruhrkohlego” według Ehrhardta i Sauera. Rozwiązania te są z powodzeniem stosowane do przewidywania ruchów górotworu wywołanych wydobyciem surowców. Przedstawiono możliwość prognozowania zarówno pionowych, jak i poziomych ruchów górotworu oraz zaprezentowano możliwości optymalizacji projektów górniczych pod kątem przewidywanych ruchów górotworu.
Pierwszy przykład przedstawia wydobycie pokładu Mausegatt pod okręgiem Moers-Kapellen w kopalni Niederberg. Mając na uwadze m.in. dostosowanie dynamicznego wpływu eksploatacji górniczej do wrażliwości obiektów powierzchniowych na wpływy górnicze, określono maksymalne dopuszczalne tempo posuwu przodka.
Drugi przykład przedstawia wydobycie ściany 479 z pokładu Johanna leżącego bezpośrednio w strefie nieciągłości Recklinghausen-North i zastosowane zabezpieczenie konstrukcji mostowej autostrady (BAB A43/L225). Metoda Ruhrkohlego została wykorzystana w tym przypadku jako podstawa do modelu matematycznego, który został opracowany do obliczenia maksymalnego poziomego otwarcia strefy nieciągłości i maksymalnego tempa rozwoju szczeliny.
Część artykułu poświęcona jest zjawisku wypiętrzania w wyniku podnoszenia się poziomu wód kopalnianych. Pomimo tego, że nie jest to główny czynnik powodujący szkody związane z górnictwem, jednak tego rodzaju ruchy również należy prognozować. Jak pokazuje przykład dawnej kopalni Königsborn, procesy stochastyczne dobrze nadają się do przewidywania wypiętrzenia gruntu, pod warunkiem wprowadzenia niewielkich korekt w modelu i zastosowania odpowiednich parametrów.
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