REVIEW PAPER
Foundry waste as a raw material for agrotechnical applications
1
Opole University of Technology
Submission date: 2021-07-30
Final revision date: 2021-10-08
Acceptance date: 2021-11-12
Publication date: 2021-12-22
Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi – Mineral Resources Management 2021;37(4):117-132
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
Effective mineral deposits exploitationImpact of mineral raw materials industries on the environmentPreparation and processing of mineral raw materialsUtilization of recycled mineral raw materials and substitutes
ABSTRACT
This paper discusses the agrotechnical use of foundry waste based on spent foundry sands (SFS). The advantage of foundry waste use is its high concentration of quartz sands and its similar physical properties to soils, including good permeability and filtration rate. An important component of foundry waste containing a mineral binders (green sands) is the presence of a clay fraction. In contrast, organic binders in some foundry wastes increase the percentage of organic matter. However, organic binders may contain toxic substances that are hazardous to the biota. Therefore, it is not recommended to use foundry waste with organic binders in agriculture or horticulture. Moreover, heavy metals may be problematic in the agrotechnical use of foundry waste mainly derived from cast metal. The disadvantage of using foundry waste as soil substrates is the low proportion of fertilizing components. Due to the low content of nutrients in foundry waste, it is recommended that it is used as a structural component mixed with other additives, such as sewage sludge or compost. The paper presents the results of research on the content of pollutants and the assessment of the biotoxicity of foundry waste. Based on the analyzed literature reports and own research, it was found that the use of foundry waste for non-industrial purposes, such as the production of artificial horticultural substrates, soilless substrates and artificial soils (Technosols), should be preceded by numerous studies to confirm the absence of negative impacts on the environment and human health.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This study was supported by Opole University of Technology from funds for statutory research.
METADATA IN OTHER LANGUAGES:
Polish
Odpady odlewnicze jako surowiec do zastosowań agrotechnicznych
odlewnie, odpady, rolnictwo, Technosol, metale ciężkie
W pracy przedstawiono agrotechniczne wykorzystanie odpadów odlewniczych na bazie zużytych piasków formierskich (SFS). Zaletą wykorzystania odpadów odlewniczych jest wysoka zawartość piasków kwarcowych i zbliżone właściwości fizyczne do gleb, w tym dobra przepuszczalność i współczynnik filtracji. Ważnym składnikiem odpadów odlewniczych zawierających spoiwa mineralne (green sands) jest obecność frakcji ilastej. Poza tym spoiwa organiczne obecne w niektórych odpadach odlewniczych zwiększają udział materii organicznej. Spoiwa organiczne mogą jednak zawierać substancje toksyczne, które są niebezpieczne dla organzimów żywych. Dlatego nie zaleca się wykorzystywania odpadów odlewniczych zawierających spoiwa organiczne w rolnictwie lub ogrodnictwie. Ponadto metale ciężkie mogą stanowić problem w agrotechnicznym wykorzystaniu odpadów odlewniczych, pochodzących głównie z odlewów. Wadą stosowania odpadów odlewniczych jako podłoża glebowego jest niski udział składników nawozowych. Z tego powodu zaleca się stosowanie ich jako składnik konstrukcyjny, po zmieszaniu z innymi dodatkami takimi jak osady ściekowe czy kompost. W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań zawartości zanieczyszczeń oraz oceny biotoksyczności odpadów odlewniczych. Na podstawie przeanalizowanych doniesień literaturowych oraz badań własnych stwierdzono, że wykorzystanie odpadów odlewniczych do celów nieprzemysłowych, takich jak produkcja sztucznych podłoży ogrodniczych, podłoży bezglebowych i gleb sztucznych (Technosols), powinno być poprzedzone licznymi badaniami, które potwierdzą brak negatywnego wpływu na środowisko i zdrowie ludzi.
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