ORIGINAL PAPER
Hydrogen in the strategies of the European Union Member States
1
Mineral and Energy Economy Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences
2
Faculty of Geology, University of Warsaw, Poland
Submission date: 2021-08-17
Final revision date: 2021-08-24
Acceptance date: 2021-09-07
Publication date: 2021-09-21
Corresponding author
Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi – Mineral Resources Management 2021;37(3):53-74
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Strategies and roadmaps are essential in areas that require long-term planning, such as the energy transition. Strategic plans can play an important role in developing visions for reducing CO2 emissions, developing renewable energy sources (RES) and hydrogen technologies. Hydrogen can be included in value chains in various sectors of the economy as raw material, emission-free fuel, or as an energy carrier and storage. The analysis of the future of hydrogen energy, which is an essential component of transforming the economy into an environmentally neutral one, is an integral part of the strategies of the European Union (EU) Member States.
This article reviews the strategic documents of the EU countries in the field of a hydrogen economy. Currently, six EU Member States have approved the hydrogen strategy (Germany, France, the Netherlands, Portugal, Hungary, Czech Republic), and two of them have roadmaps (Spain, Finland). The others are working on their completion in 2021. EU countries have the possibility of energy transformation based on a hydrogen policy, including green hydrogen, within the framework of the European Green Deal, i.e. aiming for climate neutrality and creating a modern and environmentally friendly economy.
By 2030, some of the countries plan to become a leader not only in the field of hydrogen production or RES development aimed at this process but also in the areas of research and development (R&D), sales of new technologies, and international cooperation. Member countries are focused on the production of clean hydrogen using electrolysis, creating incentives to stimulate demand, developing a hydrogen market, and implementing hydrogen infrastructure.
METADATA IN OTHER LANGUAGES:
Polish
Wodór w strategiach państw członkowskich Unii Europejskiej
odnawialne źródła energii, wodór, transformacja energetyczna, strategia wodorowa, neutralność klimatyczna
Strategie i mapy drogowe są niezbędne w obszarach wymagających długoterminowego planowania, takich jak transformacja energetyczna. Plany strategiczne mogą odgrywać ważną rolę w tworzeniu wspólnych wizji w zakresie obniżania emisji CO2, rozwoju odnawialnych źródeł energii (OZE) i technologii wodorowych. Wodór może być włączany do łańcuchów wartości w zróżnicowanych sektorach gospodarki jako surowiec, bezemisyjne paliwo, lub jako nośnik i magazyn energii. Analiza przyszłości energetyki wodorowej, która jest niezbędnym komponentem przekształcenia gospodarki na neutralną dla środowiska, stanowi nieodłączny element strategii państw członkowskich Unii Europejskiej (UE).
W niniejszym artykule dokonano przeglądu dokumentów strategicznych krajów UE w zakresie gospodarki wodorowej. Obecnie sześć państw członkowskich UE zatwierdziło strategie wodorowe (Niemcy, Francja, Holandia, Portugalia, Węgry, Czechy), a dwa mapy drogowe (Hiszpania, Finlandia). Pozostałe pracują nad ich zakończeniem w 2021 r. Państwa UE mają możliwość transformacji energetycznej w oparciu o politykę wodorową, w tym zielony wodór, w ramach założeń Europejskiego Zielonego Ładu, tzn. dążenia do neutralności klimatycznej oraz tworzenia nowoczesnej i przyjaznej środowisku gospodarki.
W horyzoncie do 2030 r. niektóre z państw planują osiągnąć pozycję lidera nie tylko w zakresie produkcji wodoru lub rozwoju OZE ukierunkowanego na ten proces, ale również w obszarach działalności badawczo-rozwojowej (B+R), sprzedaży nowych technologii oraz współpracy na arenie międzynarodowej. Kraje członkowskie skupione są na produkcji czystego wodoru z wykorzystaniem elektrolizy, tworzeniu zachęt do pobudzania popytu, rozwoju rynku wodorowego oraz wdrażaniu infrastruktury wodorowej.
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| eISSN: | 2299-2324 |
| ISSN: | 0860-0953 |
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