The elemental composition of biomass ashes as a preliminary assessment of the recovery potential
1
AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Mining and Geoengineering, Kraków, Poland
2
Mineral and Energy Economy Research Institute of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków Poland
Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi – Mineral Resources Management 2018;34(4):115-132
KEYWORDS
ABSTRACT
The use of biomass in the energy industry is the consequence of ongoing efforts to replace Energy from fossil fuels with energy from renewable sources. However, due to the diversity of the biomass, its use as a solid fuel generates waste with diverse and unstable chemical composition. Waste from biomass combustion is a raw material with a very diverse composition, even in the case of using only one type of biomass. The content of individual elements in fly ash from the combustion of biomass ranges from zero to tens of percent. This makes it difficult to determine the optimal recovery methods. The ashes from the combustion of biomass are most commonly used in the production of building materials and agriculture. This article presents the elemental composition of the most commonly used biomass fuels. The results of the analysis of elemental composition of fly ashes from the combustion of forest and agricultural biomass in fluidized bed boilers used in the commercial power industry were presented. These ashes are characterized by a high content of calcium (12.3–19.4%), silicon (1.2–8.3%), potassium (0.05–1.46%), chlorine (1.1–6.1%), and iron (0.8–6.5%). The discussed ashes contained no sodium. Aluminum was found only in one of the five ashes. Manganese, chromium, copper, nickel, lead, zinc, sulfur, bismuth, titanium and zirconium were found in all of the examined ashes. The analysis of elemental composition may allow for a preliminary assessment of the recovery potential of a given ash.
METADATA IN OTHER LANGUAGES:
Polish
Charakterystyka pierwiastkowych składów chemicznych popiołów ze spalania biomasy jako wstępna ocena kierunku odzysku
popiół lotny, spalanie biomasy, skład pierwiastkowy, odzysk odpadów
Stosowanie biomasy w energetyce jest działaniem w ramach zastępowania paliw kopalnych pozyskiwaniem energii ze źródeł odnawialnych. Jednak jej stosowanie jako paliwa stałego ze względu na różnorodność stosowanej biomasy powoduje powstawanie odpadów o bardzo zróżnicowanym i niestabilnym składzie chemicznym. Odpady ze spalania biomasy są surowcem o bardzo zróżnicowanym składzie nawet w przypadku spalania biomasy jednego rodzaju. Zawartość poszczególnych pierwiastków w popiołach lotnych ze spalania biomasy waha się od zera do kilkudziesięciu procent. To zróżnicowanie powoduje, że trudno znaleźć dla nich metody odzysku. Najczęściej rozpatrywane kierunki stosowania popiołów ze spalania biomasy to produkcja materiałów budowlanych i rolnictwo. W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań pierwiastkowych składów chemicznych z podziałem na najczęściej stosowane paliwa z biomasy. Zaprezentowane zostały wyniki dotyczące pierwiastkowych składów chemicznych popiołów lotnych ze spalania biomasy leśnej i rolniczej w kotłach fluidalnych w energetyce zawodowej. Popioły te charakteryzują się wysoką zawartością: wapnia (12,3–19,4%), krzemu (1,2–8,3%), potasu (0,05–1,46%), chloru (1,1–6,1%), żelaza (0,8–6,5%). Nie stwierdzono w nich obecności sodu. Tylko w jednym z 5 popiołów stwierdzono obecność glinu. We wszystkich badanych popiołach stwierdzono obecność: manganu, chromu, miedzi, niklu, ołowiu, cynku, siarki, bizmutu, cyrkonu, tytanu. Analiza pierwiastkowych składów chemicznych może pozwolić na wstępne określenie kierunku odzysku dla danego popiołu.
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