In the case of mining exploitation carried out in the areas of cities, towns and other residential estates, protection of building constructions on the surface seems to be of crucial importance. This issue is frequently taken under consideration both in exploitation projects and estimation of mining activity after its completion. Intensive mining works in the close vicinity of urbanized areas may lead to the occurrence of cracks in construction walls or even to building breakdowns. The paper presents an analysis of the impact of executed and planned mining exploitation in the vicinity of the protection pillar of the main shafts in the 'Pniówek' Coal Mine. Hitherto executed exploitation brought about mining damage in the objects located in the neighborhood of the main mine. Such a situation primarily resulted from the interference of numerous exploitation edges in the boundary of the established pillar. Among the building objects located in the vicinity of the pillar's boundary, there is a five-storey block of flats situated parallel to the panels of extraction walls. The excessive deflection of the building called for the necessity of its rectification. The analysis of the mining impact on the surface embraced both the periods before and after the building rectification with the assumption that further exploitation in the seams 403/3 and 401/1 would be carried out in the same portion. The influence of exploitation on the surface was additionally determined on the basis of the results of geodesic measurements in the surveying points fixed on the object and surveying lines. The paper also contains the comparison of prognostic calculations and building behavior after its leveling, which clearly indicates a positive influence of rectification on decreasing the inconvenience in using the building object. Hence, the described analysis allowed for the formulation of practical recommendations.