ORIGINAL PAPER
Characteristics of sand recovered from the municipal wastewater treatment plant
1
Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Energy, Cracow University of Technology, Kraków, Poland
2
Doctoral School, Cracow University of Technology, Kraków, Poland
3
Krakow Water, Kraków, Poland
Submission date: 2022-11-07
Final revision date: 2023-02-08
Acceptance date: 2023-03-30
Publication date: 2023-06-12
Corresponding author
Justyna Górka
Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Energy, Cracow University of Technology, Kraków, Poland
Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Energy, Cracow University of Technology, Kraków, Poland
Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi – Mineral Resources Management 2023;39(2):109-123
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
This article investigates the possibilities of the recovery of raw materials at the Kraków–Płaszów municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). The materials include sand coming with raw sewage and delivered by septic tankers, after cleaning sewage systems. Following the Regulation of the Minister of Climate (January 2020), sand from grit chambers is classified in the waste catalog as waste, with the code of 19 08 02. (Journal of Laws of 2020, item 10). The purchase of very efficient units has optimized the grit chamber operation and minimized the amount of waste generated as well as being an odor nuisance. The paper presents a mass balance for sand collected at the WWTP. Due to the use of new sand separators, the amount of this waste has been reduced by 28%. The paper presents the sieve curves of sand collected at the wastewater treatment plant and during the cleaning of sewage wells, as well as for sand mixtures. The sand mixture was prepared to allow some variations in the grain size characteristics of the sand. The graining differentiation indexes and curvature indexes were calculated. In addition, in laboratory tests, the leachability of heavy metals and the content of dry matter (DM) and dry mineral matter (DMM) were determined. The laboratory tests confirmed the reduction of organic solids to a level below 3% of dry weight; the content of heavy metals remained below the level of detection. The experiments confirmed that sand from the WWTP can be used as fine-grained aggregate in the production of concrete.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The research was carried out as part of a Research project funded by the Ministry of Education and Science, Implementation Doctorate Program, DWD/5/0187/2021.
METADATA IN OTHER LANGUAGES:
Polish
Charakterystyka surowców odzyskiwanych z miejskiej oczyszczalni ścieków – piasek z piaskowników
gospodarka o obiegu zamkniętym, oczyszczalnia ścieków, piasek z piaskowników
W artykule przedstawiono możliwości odzysku surowców z miejskiej oczyszczalni ścieków Kraków–Płaszów. Do surowców tych zalicza się: piasek ze ścieków dopływających miejską siecią kanalizacyjną oraz piasek z czyszczenia sieci kanalizacyjnej dowożony samochodami asenizacyjnymi. Zgodnie z rozporządzeniem Ministra Klimatu ze stycznia 2020 r. w sprawie katalogu odpadów (Dz.U. z 2020 r., poz. 10) piasek z piaskowników klasyfikowany jest jako odpad o kodzie 19 08 02. Zastosowanie wysokosprawnych urządzeń pozwoliło zoptymalizować pracę piaskowników, zminimalizować ilość wytwarzanych odpadów, a także zmniejszyć ich uciążliwość zapachową. W pracy przedstawiono bilans ilościowy piasku pochodzącego z oczyszczalni ścieków. Dzięki zainstalowaniu nowych separatorów zmniejszeniu uległa ilość generowanego piasku o 36%. Przedstawiono krzywe sitowe piasku pochodzącego z oczyszczalni ścieków i z procesu czyszczenia studzienek kanalizacyjnych oraz ich mieszaniny w ustalonych proporcjach. Mieszanie miało na celu zmianę charakterystyki uziarnienia piasku. Obliczono wskaźniki różnoziarnistości oraz wskaźniki krzywizny uziarnienia. Ponadto wykonano analizy laboratoryjne piasku, tj. badania wymywalności metali ciężkich oraz zawartości suchej masy i suchej masy organicznej. Badania laboratoryjne potwierdziły skuteczność redukcji związków organicznych do poziomu poniżej 3% suchej masy oraz wartości metali ciężkich znajdowały się poza zakresem oznaczalności. Na podstawie oceny składu ziarnowego oraz analiz laboratoryjnych udowodniono, że piasek z oczyszczalni ścieków może być wykorzystany jako kruszywo drobnoziarniste w produkcji betonu.
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