This article provides an up-to-date picture of the consequences of Russia’s armed aggression (supported by Belarus) against Ukraine for the economy of selected non-energy mineral raw materials in Poland and the European Union. Three years from February 2022, when Russia invaded Ukraine, escalating a conflict that began in 2014, it is possible to assess the implications of the war for the Polish industry, as well as its impact on the EU due to the disruption of supplies of certain mineral raw materials from Russia, Belarus and Ukraine. The article also highlights the current challenges facing the Ukrainian mining and processing industry due to limited logistics and war damage, particularly in the eastern part of the country. One of the most significant phenomena to emerge following the outbreak of full-scale conflict is the need to rebuild raw material supply chains in European Union countries. Among the non-energy commodities imported from countries involved in the war, the most significant in terms of value of supply and actual share in satisfying demand in Poland were selected: iron ores and concentrates, carbon black, ferroalloys, nickel, kaolinitic clays (ball and refractory clays), aluminium, potassium salts, lithium oxides and hydroxides. The sectors most at risk from reduced supplies of these minerals have also been identified. These are mainly the iron and steel, and non-ferrous metals industries, and consequently the construction, transport, machinery, engineering, and other related industries, as well as the ceramics industry. Possible measures to reduce supply disruptions for the raw materials analysed include finding new sources (diversification of imports, substitution, growth of domestic production) and improving the efficiency of recycling and the use of secondary raw materials.